Effectiveness of a program for the development of socio-emotional competences in people admitted to a penitentiary center.

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of a program for the development of social and emotional competences and self-esteem among a group of inmates at a penitentiary center, as well as to determine the possible correlation between the variables of the program (social skills, emotional competences, and self-esteem). The objective was to equip inmates with social competences in emotional regulation strategies that would be useful to them in the penitentiary center and, at the same time, facilitate their future social inclusion. In order to measure the pre- and post- treatment variables, the Social Skills Scale, the Perceived Emotional Intelligence Scale (TMMS-24), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were administered to a group of 51 inmates in a penitentiary center. The experimental group consisted of 29 inmates, with 21 forming the control group. The pretest-posttest ANOVAs showed that the program led to a significant (p < 0.01) increase in: (1) positive social behaviors; (2) emotional competences; (3) self-esteem. Positive correlations were also observed between the three variables. The results suggest the importance of implementing programs for the promotion of the socio-emotional development of people incarcerated in penitentiary centers.

Relationship between Cyberbullying, Motivation and Learning Strategies, Academic Performance, and the Ability to Adapt to University.

Cyberbullying has become a frequent relational problem among young people, which has made it necessary to evaluate and prevent it in the university setting. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between cyberbullying, motivation and learning strategies, the ability to adapt to university, and academic performance. A sample of 1368 Spanish university students (64% female) was administered a battery consisting of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire, the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory Short version, and the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, with their academic performance also being studied. The results found that the victimized bullies have greater difficulties in their organization and planning for study and exams, have fewer control and consolidation strategies, and are less able to adapt to university. Logistic regression analyses show that the greater the difficulties in organization and planning, and the greater the difficulties experienced in exams, the greater the probability of a person being a victim and a victimized bully. In addition, students are less likely to be victims, bullies, and victimized bullies as their ability to adapt to university increases. The findings have been discussed and it has been noted that there is a need to address academic adjustment and the ability to adapt to the university environment as a preventive measure for cyberbullying in university students.

Teachers' Perspectives on Cyberbullying: A Cross-Cultural Study.

The aim of this work is to analyze the perceptions of Colombian, Spanish, and Ecuadorian teachers regarding cyberbullying from a cross-cultural perspective. A descriptive and analytical method was used with a quantitative approach and 240 teachers answered an ad hoc questionnaire. Most teachers in the three countries say that they do not know how to deal with this type of bullying and have not received training in this respect, with the percentages in the three countries being very similar. Spanish teachers have the highest percentage of lack of concern about cyberbullying and Colombian teachers are the ones who admit to having had the most cases of cyberbullying. In terms of reaction, the majority acted, but among those who did not, Ecuadorian teachers did not due to lack of knowledge. Forced by the pandemic to teach their classes online, teachers are increasingly concerned about cyberbullying. For the three countries, it is considered necessary to take measures in terms of legislating specific protocols to deal with cyberbullying at school and that the training plans for the degrees that give access to this profession include the competencies that allow teachers to develop appropriate strategies to respond to cyberbullying.

Personality Traits and Aggression as Explanatory Variables of Cyberbullying in Spanish Preadolescents.

There is a growing interest in preventing cyberbullying in youth. However, multiple questions remain as to the relationship between cyberbullying and psychosocial variables. This study examines the relationship between personality traits, aggression and cyberbullying (victims, bullies, victimized bullies and not involved) in 548 Spanish students aged 10 to 13 (50.2% boys). To do so, the Screening of Peer Harassment, the Big Five Questionnaire for Children and the Aggression Questionnaire were used. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the extraversion trait is an explanatory factor for being a victim and openness is a protective factor against being a cyberbully. Agreeableness was found to be a positive predictor of being a cyberbullying victim. Only verbal aggression and anger were included as explanatory factors of being a victim and a victimized bully, respectively. The results are discussed, suggesting their potential implications in the development of preventive programs.

The Role of Emotional Intelligence on Psychological Adjustment and Peer Victimization in a Sample of Spanish Adolescents.

In the last decades, interest in the study of the negative consequences of bullying for the victims has increased. Victims are often known to show emotional adjustment issues, such as negative self-concept and low life satisfaction. Moreover, some studies have observed important associations between self-concept and life satisfaction, in which a positive self-concept is related to high levels of life satisfaction. Other studies have pointed out the importance of emotional intelligence (EI), as a regulatory and protective factor against the negative impact of victimization on adjustment in adolescents. The main objective of this work was to analyze the mediating effect of self-concept on life satisfaction and the moderated mediation effect of EI on self-concept and life satisfaction in the context of peer victimization. The participants in the study were 1,318 Spanish students of both sexes and aged between 11 and 18 (M = 13.8, SD = 1.32) years, from four compulsory secondary education centers. The results indicated that, on the one hand, self-concept mediated the relationship between victimization and life satisfaction. On the other hand, EI was not only positively associated with self-concept, but it also significantly moderated the negative influence of victimization on self-concept. EI may also indirectly moderate the relationship between victimization and life satisfaction through the self-concept. These data show the importance of EI as a possible protective and moderating factor of the negative effect of bullying on emotional adjustment, which is interesting for the design of future prevention and intervention programs in school contexts.

La ansiedad escolar como variable explicativa del ciberacoso en estudiantes españoles de Educación Primaria / School anxiety as an explanatory variable of cyberbullying in Spanish students of Primary Education

Este estudio analizo el poder explicativo de la ansiedad escolar sobre el ciberacoso y las diferencias de ansiedad escolar según su papel en el ciberacoso (victimas, agresores, agresores-victimizados y no implicados). Se aplicó el "Screening de acoso entre iguales" (SAI) y el "Inventario de ansiedad escolar para Educación Primaria" (IAEP) a 548 estudiantes (50,2% chicos) de 5o y 6o de Educación Primaria (10-13 años). Las evidencias halladas situaron las puntuaciones altas en ansiedad ante la evaluación social como variable explicativa del papel de víctima, así como niveles más elevados en ansiedad psicofisiológica en el caso de los agresores. La ansiedad ante el castigo escolar aparece como un factor protector para no ser agresor y agresor-victimizado. Además, los estudiantes victimas de ciberacoso manifiestan más síntomas de ansiedad ante distintas situaciones escolares que los estudiantes agresores-victimizados y los no implicados en casos de ciberacoso. Los hallazgos obtenidos son discutidos destacando la ansiedad escolar como una variable explicativa de actuar como víctima, agresor y agresor-victimizado de ciberacoso, pudiendo estos guiar en la elaboración de programas de prevención eficaces

This study analyzed the explanatory power of school anxiety on cyberbullying and the differences in school anxiety according to the personal role in cyberbullying (victims, bullies, bullies-victims and not involved). The Screening of harassment among peers (SAI) and the School anxiety inventory for Primary Education (IAEP), was applied to 548 students (50.2% boys) of 5th and 6th grade of Primary Education (10-13 years). The evidence found placed the high scores in anxiety related to social evaluation as the explanatory variable of the role of victim, as well as higher levels in psychophysiological anxiety in the case of the bullies. Anxiety in the face of school punishment appears as a protective factor for not being bullies and bully-victims. In addition, student victims of cyberbullying showed more symptoms of anxiety in different school situations than student bully-victims and those not involved in cases of cyberbullying. The findings are discussed highlighting school anxiety as an explanatory variable of acting as a victim, bully and bully-victim of cyberbullying, which can guide the development of effective prevention programs

Estilos atribucionales en estudiantes españoles de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria con alta ansiedad social autoinformada / Attributional styles in Spanish students of Compulsory Secondary Education with high social anxiety self-reported

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la ansiedad social y las autoatribuciones causales académicas en una muestra de 2022 (51.1% varones) adolescentes españoles de 12 a 16 años. La ansiedad social se evaluó utilizando el cuestionario Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) y para el análisis de las autoatribuciones académicas se administró el Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS). Los resultados indican que los estudiantes con alta ansiedad social atribuyen sus fracasos en lectura y matemáticas más internamente (baja capacidad y bajo esfuerzo) y menos externamente que los alumnos sin alta ansiedad social. Además, los estudiantes con alta ansiedad social suelen atribuir sus éxitos en lectura menos externamente y sus éxitos en matemáticas menos internamente (capacidad) que los estudiantes sin alta ansiedad social. Asimismo, los resultados obtenidos de la regresión logística señalan que la alta ansiedad social actúa como predictor positivo respecto a la realización de autoatribuciones causales de los fracasos a la baja capacidad y a la falta de esfuerzo y como predictor negativo de la realización de autoatribuciones de los éxitos a la capacidad y la suerte y de atribuciones de los fracasos a causas externas.

Abstract This paper sought to analyze the relationship between social anxiety and academic causal self-attributions in a sample of 2022 Spanish adolescents (51.1% male) aged 12 to 16. Social anxiety was assessed using the questionnaire Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI). In addition, the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) was administered in order to analyze academic self-attributions. The results indicate that students with high social anxiety attribute their failures in reading and math more internally (low capacity and low effort) and less externally than do students without high social anxiety. Also, students with high social anxiety often attribute their success in reading less externally and their success in math less internally (capacity) than do students without high social anxiety. Thus, the results of logistic regression indicate that high social anxiety acts as a positive predictor vis-à-vis causal self-attributions of failures to low capacity and lack of effort whereas high social anxiety acts as a negative predictor self-attributions of success to the ability and chance and attributions of failures to external causes.

Relación entre ansiedad social y aptitudes intelectuales en estudiantes españoles de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria / The relationship between social anxiety and intellectual abilities in Spanish students of Compulsory Secondary Education

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relacion entre la ansiedad social y las aptitudes intelectuales (comprension verbal, concepcion espacial, razonamiento, calculo numerico y fluidez verbal) en una muestra de 2.022 adolescentes espanoles (51,1% varones) de 12 a 16 anos. La ansiedad social se evaluo utilizando el "Inventario de ansiedad y fobia social" (SPAI) y las aptitudes intelectuales con el "Test de aptitudes mentales primarias" (PMA). Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes con altas puntuaciones en ansiedad social presentan puntuaciones mas bajas en las aptitudes de comprension verbal, concepción espacial y fluidez verbal que sus companeros con baja ansiedad social. Asimismo, los resultados obtenidos de la regresion logistica senalaron que, por una parte, la ansiedad social es un predictor negativo de dichas competencias y, por otra parte, que los estudiantes tienen menos probabilidad de presentar alta ansiedad social a medida que aumenta su puntuacion en las subescalas de fluidez verbal y concepcion espacial. Se discute la relevancia teorico-practica de la relacion entre la ansiedad social y la inteligencia en la adolescencia

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between social anxiety and intellectual abilities (verbal comprehension, spatial visualization, reasoning, numerical calculation and word fluency) in a sample of 2,022 Spanish adolescents (51.1% male) from 12 to 16 years. Social anxiety was assessed using the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) and the Primary Mental Abilities Test (PMA) was administered for the analysis of intellectual abilities. Results showed that students with high scores on social anxiety have lower scores on verbal comprehension, spatial visualization and word fluency than their peers with low social anxiety. Also, results obtained by logistic regression analysis showed that, on the one hand, social anxiety is a negative predictor of these abilities and, on the other hand, students are less likely to have high social anxiety as the subscale scores of Word Fluency and Spatial Visualization increase. The relevance of the theoretical and practical implications of the relationship between social anxiety and intelligence in adolescence is discussed

Sociometric types and academic self-concept in adolescents / Tipos sociométricos y autoconcepto académico en adolescentes

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sociometric types, behavioral categories, and academic self-concept in a sample of 1,349 (51.7% boys) Spanish adolescents, ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. Method: the students’ sociometric nomination was performed using the Programa Socio (Partner Program), and academic self-concept was measured with the Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ-II; Marsh, 1992). Results: results show that academic self-concept was a significant predictor of sociometric types and behavioral categories, as students with high scores on academic self-concept were more likely to be positively rated by their peers (popular, leaders, collaborators and good students) than students with low scores on student academic self-concept. Conclusions: these results reinforce the emphasis on academic self-concept research and its relevance to educational practice (AU)

Antecedentes: el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre tipos sociométricos, categorías conductuales y autoconcepto académico (Matemático, Verbal y General) en una muestra de 1.349 (51,7% varones) adolescentes españoles de 12 a 16 años. Método: la identificación sociométrica de los estudiantes se realizó mediante el Programa Socio y para el análisis del autoconcepto académico se administró el Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ-II; Marsh, 1992). Resultados: los resultados muestran que el autoconcepto académico resultó una variable predictora significativa de los tipos sociométricos y categorías conductuales, puesto que los estudiantes con altas puntuaciones en las dimensiones del auto-concepto académico presentaron mayor probabilidad de ser nominados positivamente por sus compañeros (populares, líderes, colaboradores y buenos estudiantes) que los estudiantes con bajas puntuaciones en autoconcepto académico. Conclusiones: estos resultados confirman la importancia concedida al autoconcepto académico en la investigación y su relevancia en la práctica educativa (AU)

Sociometric types and academic self-concept in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sociometric types, behavioral categories, and academic self-concept in a sample of 1,349 (51.7% boys) Spanish adolescents, ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. METHOD: the students’ sociometric nomination was performed using the Programa Socio (Partner Program), and academic self-concept was measured with the Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ-II; Marsh, 1992). RESULTS: results show that academic self-concept was a significant predictor of sociometric types and behavioral categories, as students with high scores on academic self-concept were more likely to be positively rated by their peers (popular, leaders, collaborators and good students) than students with low scores on student academic self-concept. CONCLUSIONS: these results reinforce the emphasis on academic self-concept research and its relevance to educational practice.

Social Anxiety and Sociometric Nomination in Spanish Students of Compulsory Secondary Education.

Adolescents with social anxiety can manifest great interference in their relationship with classmates and other peers, as well as in their school performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the sociometric nominations and assessment of students with high social anxiety by their peers and teachers, and to determine whether these assessments differ significantly between evaluators (peers vs. teachers), in a sample of 2022 (51.1% male) Spanish adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years. Social anxiety was assessed using the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Sociometric identification and assessment of various educational aspects of the students was performed through the Socio program and Teacher assessment scales, respectively. Results show that students with high social anxiety were nominated by peers as popular, rejected and neglected with the same frequency and proportionately less nominated as leaders, friendly, cooperative, and quarrelsome students than those without high social anxiety (d .97). Finally, peers significantly nominated students with high social anxiety more as leaders, cooperative, quarrelsome, obedient and good students than their teachers (d < .42). In conclusion, this study shows that adolescents with high social anxiety are valued and nominated by their peers and teachers differently.

Social anxiety and sociometric nomination in Spanish students of compulsory secondary education

Adolescents with social anxiety can manifest great interference in their relationship with classmates and other peers, as well as in their school performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the sociometric nominations and assessment of students with high social anxiety by their peers and teachers, and to determine whether these assessments differ significantly between evaluators (peers vs. teachers), in a sample of 2022 (51.1% male) Spanish adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years. Social anxiety was assessed using the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Sociometric identification and assessment of various educational aspects of the students was performed through the Socio program and Teacher assessment scales, respectively. Results show that students with high social anxiety were nominated by peers as popular, rejected and neglected with the same frequency and proportionately less nominated as leaders, friendly, cooperative, and quarrelsome students than those without high social anxiety (d < .25). Teachers assessed the sociometric status of a student with low social anxiety in the same way as that of students with high social anxiety, although they considered the latter as less impulsive, less conflictive, less passive and more compliant with rules (d > .97). Finally, peers significantly nominated students with high social anxiety more as leaders, cooperative, quarrelsome, obedient and good students than their teachers (d < .42). In conclusion, this study shows that adolescents with high social anxiety are valued and nominated by their peers and teachers differently (AU)

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